Teaching Electromagnetic Wave Simulation: Applying Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) in Two-Dimensional Fields
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58797/cser.020203Keywords:
electromagnetic waves propagation, electromagnetic waves simulation, perfectly matched layerAbstract
Electromagnetic waves play a crucial role in various modern technological applications, such as wireless communication, radar, and signal processing. A deep understanding of the behavior of these waves in different media and boundary conditions can be achieved through numerical simulation. An in-depth understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior is essential in science and engineering education, in particular to help students visualize and analyze complex phenomena. This study discusses the two-dimensional (2D) simulation of electromagnetic waves using the Finite Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method, with the implementation of Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) to address wave reflections at the simulation domain boundaries. Fundamental electromagnetic laws, such as Gauss's Law, Faraday's Law, and Ampere's Law, are used as the basis to develop the curl Maxwell equations in 2D. The proposed simulation algorithm calculates the electric fields (Ex, Ey) and magnetic field (Hz) considering the PML damping factor. Simulations are performed with various PML constant values (0.00001, 0.00005, 0.0001) to observe the effectiveness of wave absorption. The simulation results show that increasing the PML constant value reduces reflections and improves the accuracy of the simulation results. Therefore, the FDTD method integrated with PML is effective in modeling the behavior of electromagnetic waves in a 2D domain, providing more realistic and accurate results.
References
Amat, S., J. Blázquez, P., Busquier, S., & Bermúdez , C. (2017). Wavelets for the Maxwell’s equations: An overview. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 321, 555–565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2017.02.015
Antony, M., Narisetti, N., & Gladilin, E. (2024). Linel2D-Net: a deep learning approach to solving 2D linear elastic boundary value problems on image domains. IScience, 27(4), 109519–109519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.109519
Bouchée, T., de Putter - Smits, L., Thurlings, M., & Pepin, B. (2021). Towards a better understanding of conceptual difficulties in introductory quantum physics courses. Studies in Science Education, 58(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057267.2021.1963579
Colas, L., Jacquot, J., Hillairet, J., Helou, W., Tierens, W., Heuraux, S., Faudot, E., Lu, L., & Urbanczyk, G. (2019). Perfectly Matched Layers for time-harmonic transverse electric wave propagation in cylindrical and toroidal gyrotropic media. Journal of Computational Physics, 389, 94–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2019.02.017
Du, Y., & Zhang, J. (2023). Perfectly matched layers for peridynamic scalar waves and the numerical discretization on real coordinate space. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 125(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.7392
Duhamel, D. (2024). Computation of the dynamic scalar response of large two-dimensional periodic and symmetric structures by the wave finite element method. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 230, 104096–104096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2023.104096
Giancoli, D. C. (2016). Physics : principles with applications (7th ed.). Pearson Education.
Guo, L., Li, M., Xu, S., Yang, F., & Liu, L. (2021). Electromagnetic Modeling Using an FDTD-Equivalent Recurrent Convolution Neural Network: Accurate Computing on a Deep Learning Framework. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 65(1), 2–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/map.2021.3127514
Hayt, W. H., & Buck, J. A. (2019). Engineering electromagnetics. Mcgraw-Hill Education.
Ishimaru, A. (2017). Electromagnetic wave propagation, radiation, and scattering : from fundamentals to applications. Ieee Press/Wiley.
Liu, H., Xing, B., Wang, H., Cui, J., & Spencer, B. F. (2019). Simulation of ground penetrating radar on dispersive media by a finite element time domain algorithm. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 170, 103821–103821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2019.103821
Liu, Y., Wang, L., Yin, C., Ren, X., Zhang, B., Su, Y., Rong, Z., & Ma, X. (2023). 3-D Forward Modeling of Transient EM Field in Rough Media Using Implicit Time-Domain Finite-Element Method. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 61, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3231921
Oskooi, A. F., Roundy, D., Ibanescu, M., Bermel, P., Joannopoulos, J. D., & Johnson, S. G. (2010). Meep: A flexible free-software package for electromagnetic simulations by the FDTD method. Computer Physics Communications, 181(3), 687–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2009.11.008
Poole, G. (2018). Gauss’s Law for Magnetism & Law of Universal Magnetism: Calculate the Charge of a Monopole. Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology, 4(4), 581–587. https://doi.org/10.4236/jhepgc.2018.44035
Ra’di, Y., Simovski, C. R., & Tretyakov, S. A. (2015). Thin Perfect Absorbers for Electromagnetic Waves: Theory, Design, and Realizations. Physical Review Applied, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.3.037001
Raya, A.G., Rahmah, A., Izzati, R.D., Zalianty, S.X., Firmansyah, F. (2024). Simulation of Optical Waveguide on Communication Signal Wave Delivery Between Airplane and Airport Through Tower. (2024). Current STEAM and Education Research, 2(1), 53-68. https://doi.org/10.58797/cser.020105
Varalakshmi, G. U., Negi, Y. K., & Balakrishnan, N. (2021). Performance Comparison of PML and Chiral Absorbing Boundary Condition in FDTD for Electromagnetic Scattering Problems. 2021 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS). https://doi.org/10.1109/piers53385.2021.9694998
Weichman, K., Miller, K. G., Malaca, B., Mori, W. B., Pierce, J. R., Ramsey, D., Vieira, J., Vranic, M., & Palastro, J. P. (2024). Analytic pulse technique for computational electromagnetics. Computer Physics Communications, 298, 109096–109096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2024.109096
Wong, S. Y., & Lim, S. Y. (2020). Electromagnetic education: Development of an interactive GUI for demonstrating wave polarization. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 28(5), 1190–1219. https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22296
Wu, G.-B., Dai, J. Y., Shum, K. M., Chan, K. F., Cheng, Q., Cui, T. J., & Chan, C. H. (2023). A universal metasurface antenna to manipulate all fundamental characteristics of electromagnetic waves. Nature Communications, 14(1), 5155. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40717-9
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Fikrul Ihsan Arifin, Nayla Ananda Putri Alisati, Amara Juliana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
